{"id":216,"date":"2020-09-22T11:36:01","date_gmt":"2020-09-22T10:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/?page_id=216"},"modified":"2023-01-19T12:20:32","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T11:20:32","slug":"syllabus-info","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/?page_id=216","title":{"rendered":"Syllabus info"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>COURSE PROGRAM&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Signals and noise.<\/strong>\u00a0Introduction to measurements, errors and statistical distributions. Mathematical treatment of signals and noise in the time and in the frequency domain. Signal-to-Noise ratio (S\/N). Autocorrelation functions, energy and power spectra. Noise sources in electronic circuits and sensors. Main types of noise spectra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Extracting signals from noise.<\/strong>&nbsp;Linear filters with constant parameters and with time-variant parameters, action on signals and noise and resultant S\/N. Pulse-signals and constant-parameter low-pass filters; Gated Integrator (GI); Boxcar Integrator (BI); Sample-and-Hold (S&amp;H) and fast samplers; discrete filtering by sampling and weighted average of samples. Optimum filtering for pulse-amplitude measurements, significance and practical usefulness. Noise with 1\/f spectrum: characteristic features and ensuing problems, filtering approach. Constant-parameter high-pass filters; correlated double sampling (CDS) and further developments; Baseline Restorer (BLR). Periodic signals and constant-parameter resonant filters; modulation of signals and noise; Lock-in Amplifier (LIA), analog and digital implementations of LIAs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sensors.<\/strong>&nbsp;The physical principles of their operationis discussed; the device structure and technology; characteristic features and electrical parameters; output signals and information content; equivalent electric circuit; internal noise. Photodetectors: vacuum tube and semiconductor photodiodes; photoconductors; Photomultiplier tubes (PMT), avalanche photodiodes (APD) and single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD); analog and digital detection, single-photon counting (SPC) and time-correlated single- photon counting (TCSPC). Temperature Sensors: thermo resistances. Strain and Force Sensors: strain gauges sensors.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>COURSE PROGRAM&nbsp; Signals and noise.\u00a0Introduction to measurements, errors and statistical distributions. Mathematical treatment of signals and noise in the time and in the frequency domain. Signal-to-Noise ratio (S\/N). Autocorrelation functions, energy and power spectra. Noise sources in electronic circuits and &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/?page_id=216\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-216","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=216"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":571,"href":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/216\/revisions\/571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rech.faculty.polimi.it\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}